Too big to ignore:
How counting people in prisons distorted Census 2000
Rose Heyer and Peter Wagner
Prison Policy Initiative
April 2004
Followup research and articles, often with data tables
- Census data asks: Where are the Hispanic children? But it's the wrong question October 11, 2004
- Outdated methodology impairs Census Bureau's count of Black population May 3, 2004
- Prison expansion made 56 counties with declining populations appear to be growing in Census 2000 April 26, 2004
- Twenty one counties have twenty one percent of their population in prisons and jails April 19, 2004
Recommended Reading:
About the Prison Policy Initiative
Learn more about the organization behind the Prison Gerrymandering Project.
The Racial Geography of Mass Incarceration
The transfer of Black and Latino incarcerated people to communities very different than their own is a nationwide problem.
How to get elected without being a candidate first.
Iowa Public Radio explores how Anamosa Iowa ended prison gerrymandering.
The Census Bureau's Miscount: It's about representation, not funding
We explain that prison gerrymandering is bad for democracy but federal & state aid are not impacted.
Events
- November 18-21, 2026:
Members of our Research team, will be attending the American Society of Criminology annual meeting in Chicago from November 18th through the 21st. Please reach out if you’d like to set up a meeting.
Not near you?
Invite us to your city, college or organization.